Essay Questions
I think it is a great idea to read all the essays of the class before grading and follow up by going back and grading without student identity attached. I question how practical this is with students anxious to receive feedback and their grades as soon as possible. Considering the workload I doubt very many teachers will do this even though it is the ideal.
I've recently had the opportunity to try a new LMS (CANVAS) that comes with a "Speed Grader" app for the iPad. This really makes it easy to flip through all the essays with the built-in word processor, and then go back to provide annotation, grades, and meaningful feedback. I especially like that I can record a video or audio feedback comment for the student.
Open ended answers are difficult grade since incorrect or even irrelevant details can offset the core, correct response. Feedback in the way of questioning can help direct the student to trim, focus, or redefine their understanding of a concept.